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Tomb of a known soldier. De-anonymization of war memorials and mass graves as a modernization process
Kessler, Vojtěch ; Michlová, M. ; Šrámek, J.
This article focuses on perceiving the anonymity of fallen soldiers in the mid-19th century war memorials in Bohemia. The researchers working in Central Europe can draw surprisingly different conclusions than Anglo-American works. This article compensates for this lack of research. The anonymity of war memorials in the Czech lands almost disappeared during the first half of the 19th century. We are looking for an explanation in the four main changes that took place at that time. Firstly, fundamental changes in society, secondly, evolving aesthetics reflected in war memorials, thirdly, a difference in the way of waging war, and finally, changings emotions towards the fallen, the homeland and family.
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Chantry chapels by burghers in Kutná Hora in pre-Hussite period
Vaněk, Vojtěch ; Hlaváček, Ivan (advisor) ; Kejř, Jiří (referee) ; Krafl, Pavel (referee)
Chantry chapels by burghers in Kutná Hora in pre-Hussite period Vojtěch Vaněk This study is based on the social-historical understanding of the role of chantries and of liturgical memory in medieval society, as discussed especially by Otto G. Oexle and Michael Borgolte. Chantries as permanent pious gifts connected the world of the living with the world of the dead, kept the presence of the dead among the living and, simultaneously, contributed to the salvation of their souls through mutual solidarity between the living and the dead. This study also evaluates the insights of the new cultural history, which understands the endowments as symbolic capital in a given society, capital which enabled display of social status and legitimized power through ostentatious demonstration of devotion. Under the House of Luxembourg, Kutná Hora was one of the most populous towns in Bohemia and Moravia as well as one of the biggest centers of mining and processing of silver ore in Europe. 1280's saw the origins of mining there, the first decade of the 14th century saw the city's founding. Kutná Hora was the residence of the central mint in the Czech kingdom and of the royal offices related to the mint and mining. It also attracted burgher elite, who participated in the mining entrepreneurship and traded with precious metals....
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The Zittau people and their churches (approx. 1300-1600)
Hrachovec, Petr ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Holý, Martin (referee) ; Müller, Winfried (referee)
The Zittau people and their churches (approx. 1300-1600) The essay deals with the church history in the town of Zittau in Upper Lusatia, today's federal state of Saxony, Germany, in late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era. The main focus of the work was to illustrate the changes of religious institutions and benefactions throughout the era. Most importantly, we dealt with the fate of mostly medieval benefactions during reformation, which established a cultural break point in the given region. We analysed a broad spectrum of benefactions, ranging from small ones (masses, alms etc.) to more complex ones (monasteries, hospitals, church fabric etc.). The essay consists of three sections. The first section is dedicated to Middle Ages and it focuses on ancient history, i. e. the starting point from which the religious benefactions entered the reformation era. The second section focuses on the town of Zittau in the era of reformation and on the process of validation of the new denomination. We specifically focus on the end of four monasteries' benefactions in the course of 16th century, taken over by the Zittau city council. The third section deals with the fate of another general benefaction, i. e. the church fabric of Zitttau parish church, which, unlike the monasteries, successfully survived the...
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Divine and human or the devotional image in the 14th century focused on the evolution of the Pieta
Cimler, Čestmír ; Royt, Jan (advisor) ; Nespěšná Hamsíková, Magdaléna (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis refers to the genesis of new types of art pieces which were created to excite more emotional experience in the audience connected with the suffering of Jesus and Virgin Mary.Those devotional images like Mystic Crucifiction, Pieta or Maria Gravida began accruing at the turn of the13th and 14th century in the milieu of mendicant monasteries. This Thesis is especially focused on iconography of the Pieta. The mourning Virgin Mary, holding body of the dead Christ is actual theme throughout centuries, expressing the suffering from the lost of her only son. During the 14th century was the theme of Pieta divided into three types (vertical, horizontal and diagonal). Apart form the works of Wilhelm Pinder and Lech Kalinowsky this theme haven't been still compiled. The aim of this thesis is explanation of the terminology of devotional images and it's creation according to the present specialized literature. The main idea of the Thesis is brief clarification of the genesis of iconography of the Pieta (pointed to the three examples from the Czech Republic) and indication of it's function and potential background of creation in the medieval monastic spirituality.
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Chantry chapels by burghers in Kutná Hora in pre-Hussite period
Vaněk, Vojtěch ; Hlaváček, Ivan (advisor) ; Kejř, Jiří (referee) ; Krafl, Pavel (referee)
Chantry chapels by burghers in Kutná Hora in pre-Hussite period Vojtěch Vaněk This study is based on the social-historical understanding of the role of chantries and of liturgical memory in medieval society, as discussed especially by Otto G. Oexle and Michael Borgolte. Chantries as permanent pious gifts connected the world of the living with the world of the dead, kept the presence of the dead among the living and, simultaneously, contributed to the salvation of their souls through mutual solidarity between the living and the dead. This study also evaluates the insights of the new cultural history, which understands the endowments as symbolic capital in a given society, capital which enabled display of social status and legitimized power through ostentatious demonstration of devotion. Under the House of Luxembourg, Kutná Hora was one of the most populous towns in Bohemia and Moravia as well as one of the biggest centers of mining and processing of silver ore in Europe. 1280's saw the origins of mining there, the first decade of the 14th century saw the city's founding. Kutná Hora was the residence of the central mint in the Czech kingdom and of the royal offices related to the mint and mining. It also attracted burgher elite, who participated in the mining entrepreneurship and traded with precious metals....
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Petrification of military memory versus piety: Military monuments and mass graves in their historical operation
Kessler, Vojtěch
The text deals with the reception of military monuments, found on the territory of the Czech Republic, which are related to the war events from 1757 to 1866. The memorials can be understood as specific memory locations, whose so-called second life modifies the historical awareness of the relevant military events. War memorials constitute a relatively wide range: from the purely military, celebratory monuments, which are found mostly on elevated dominant locations of battlefields, to reverential memorials with graves or even mass graves.
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Nursing Care For The Dead {--} Theory and Practice
HOUFKOVÁ, Petra
The topic of my thesis is Nursing care for the dead. My intention was to find out whether nurses treat the dead body with respect and piety. The work is divided in two parts: theoretical and practical. Its theoretical part describes the death from the historical point of view, nursing care for the dead body and individual stages of dying are mentioned. Last but not least neither survivors are forgotten, since the loss of a close person is always the most difficult situation in their life. The aim of my thesis is to find out how nurses approach the care for the dead and what they feel when treating the dead body. On the basis of these aims the following hypotheses were formulated: 1. Nurses caring for the dead observe the ethical attitude. 2. Nurses do not perceive treating the dead body as a positive part of nursing care. After all modern nursing leads us to a more profound reflection and possibility of improving the ethical attitude and expressing the dignity to the dead.
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